Rani Jarkas – RMB Internationalization Efforts Deliver Real Advances

The largest trading nation in the world looks forward to reduce transaction cost in international trade, which is, for the most part, settled in US dollars at the moment. Renminbi has joined the ranks as one of the most-widely used currencies in international markets.

CNBC reports that the renminbi is positioned as the largest trade-finance currency in the world after the US dollar. The Chinese currency is expected to outperform the Japanese yen as the world’s 4th-most used global currency.

Rani Jarkas believes that the data released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) showed that in 2014 the renminbi had calculated for 2.96 percent of worldwide trades, along with total direct investments which were valued at US$ 1.05 trillion.

In addition, $94 billion of official assets were already held in renminbi at the end of 2014, estimating for 1.1 percent of international foreign exchange reserves.

The IMF last year agreed to incorporate renminbi into its Special Drawing Rights (SDR) currency basket, as a clear representation of the Chinese reforms. Last week, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) declared that it will include renminbi investments as part of its official foreign reserves from June.

Rani Jarkas, an investment pioneer with several years of financial experience in Asia and Cedrus Investments’ Chairman, commented, “As China plays an increasingly important role on the international stage, RMB is becoming truly global and this is set to continue.”

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

2014年非洲全球商业论坛探索非洲机遇-拉尼.亚卡斯（Rani Jarkas）

在阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）副总统兼总理，迪拜酋长穆罕默德· 本·拉希德·阿勒马克图姆（HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum）的主持下，第二届非洲全球商业论坛于十月一日在迪拜亚特兰蒂斯酒店举办，来自迪拜、中东和非洲地区的700多名政府官员和商界领袖参加了该次论坛，其中包括塞内加尔总统麦基萨勒（Macky Sall）、加纳总统约翰·德拉马尼•马哈马（John Dramani Mahama）、埃塞俄比亚总统穆拉图·特肖梅博士（Dr. Mulatu Teshome）和卢旺达总统保罗·卡加梅（Paul Kagame）。

该次论坛的目的是鼓励决策者参与全球投资并引导国际资金流入非洲。最近的一份由迪拜工商会与经济学人智库（EIU）合作完成的一份研究报告强调了在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的经济和投资机会，并指出该地区有望成为经济增长最快的地区。

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

2014 Africa Global Business Forum on the Global Investment Scene – By Rani Jarkas

HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President of United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, on October 1, 2014 attended at the Atlantis, The Palm in Dubai, the opening session of the two-day long second Africa Global Business Forum (AGBF) 2014 brought together more than 700 government officials and business leaders from across Dubai, the Middle East and Africa, including African heads of state Macky Sall (Senegal), John Dramani Mahama (Ghana), Dr. Mulatu Teshome (Ethiopia) and Paul Kagame (Rwanda).

 

Africa Global Business Forum 2014 [ranijarkas.wordress.com]

The objective is to encourage internationalrevenue flows into Africa by engaging leading decision-makers on the global investment scene. A recent study by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry, in cooperation with the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) has highlighted economic and investment opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa and the potential for it to become the region with the fastest growth.

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

拉尼.亚卡斯(Rani Jarkas):人民币的过去与未来

中国近年来一直致力于推进人民币国际化。根据环球银行金融电信协会（SWIFT）的报告指出，人民币在2013年已成为世界上交易量最大的货币之一，位列交易量排行榜第八位。

Chinese RMB [https://ranijarkas.wordpress.com]

2007年7月，中国国家开发银行首次发行了总值6.57亿美元的点心债券。 到2010年7月，仅中国及香港的银行获准发行以人民币计价的债券。而现在，所有的银行都可发行。

2013年10月9日，中欧开启本币互换，人民币国际化跨重要一步。中国人民银行与欧洲中央银行（ECB）签署了规模为3,500亿元人民币/450亿欧元的中欧双边本币互换协议。

英国央行于2013年6月与中国达成了一项英镑与人民币之间的货币互换额度协定，额度上限为人民币2000亿元，成为第一个和中国签订双边本币互换协议的G7成员国。2014年3月，英国财政部宣布，中英两国央行已达成一致，将在伦敦设立一家人民币清算银行。中英金融合作稳步推进，伦敦人民币离岸中心的定位渐行渐近。2014年7月，伦敦金融城政府政策与资源委员会主席包墨凯(Mark Boleat)近日再度访沪，期待今后中英双方更多的贸易和金融合作，进一步提高伦敦在全球领先人民币离岸中心的地位。

自从2011年以来，投资者一直热衷于以人民币计价的资产，于是香港作为试点开展了合格境外机构投资者RQFII业务，投资者可进入中国股票和债券买卖。投资者的涉足令货币快速升值。 然而，由于中国人民银行为了遏制热钱流入而采取的措施导致了人民币在过去六个月对美元的价值持续下跌。

在我看来，近期的贬值与其他全球货币的走势相比不是很大，人民币的整体波动性仍然非常低。投资者应将目光继续投向人民币，因为从长期来看，人民币将走向完全可自由兑换。随着中国经济的发展，人民币升值将成为必然趋势

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

Rani Jarkas: History and Future of the Renminbi

Since the late-2000s, China has sought to internationalize its official currency, the Renminbi (RMB). As of 2013, the RMB is the 8th most traded currency in the world, according to Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT).

Chinese RMB [https://ranijarkas.wordpress.com]

In July 2007, dim sum bonds worth a total of US$657 million were issued for the first time by China Development Bank. Until July 2010, only Chinese and Hong Kong banks were allowed to issue bonds denominated in yuan, the basic unit of the renminbi. Now all banks can.

On 9 October 2013, the central banks of China and the European Union (EU) signed the bilateral currency swap agreement with a volume of 350 billion RMB, around 45 billion euros.

In June 2013, Britain became the first G-7 country to set up an official currency swap line with China. CNBC reported in March 2014 that the U.K. has struck a deal with China to set up a renminbi clearing bank in London, as Britain tries to reinforce its position as the central hub for Chinese investment outside of Asia.

Investors have poured into renminbi-denominated assets since 2011, when the renminbi qualified foreign institutional investor scheme was established in Hong Kong, giving investors access to Chinese shares and bonds. This allowed investors to gain exposure to the rapidly appreciating currency. However, the renminbi has steadily dropped in value against the dollar during the past six months, as the People’s Bank of China has intervened to curtail hot-money inflows.

In my opinion, the recent depreciation is not very large compared with other global currency movements, and overall volatility of the renminbi remains exceptionally low. Investors should still look to invest in renminbi, because it will continue to appreciate over the long term, as China moves towards full convertibility of its currency.

拉尼.亚卡斯（Rani Jarkas）：非洲的投资潜力

联合国贸易和发展会议（UNCTAD）出版的报告指出，高利润的外商投资在非洲的发展潜力非常巨大，然而许多投资者却因不了解而错过了以往和当前的投资机遇。

前联合国秘书长科菲·安南在非洲统一组织年度首脑会议中提到，“非洲的盈利能力是当今世界经济中保存最好的秘密之一”。他援引联合国贸发会议的报告，指出非洲在最近几年经历了令人瞩目的经济增长，外国公司在非洲的盈利率已高出世界上其他大部分地区。

如今，非洲已成为全球经济增长最快的地区之一，被视为希望的大陆和发展的热土。国际货币基金组织（IMF）指出，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的强劲增长将在2014年加速。国际货币基金组织发布的《撒哈拉以南非洲地区经济展望报告》（Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan African）称，2014年非洲多数石油出口国、一些低收入国家和动荡地区的经济前景有所提高，在其影响下，整个撒哈拉以南非洲经济增长将保持强劲势头，预计该地区今年GDP增长将达到5.5%，超过2013年5％的增长水平。国际货币基金组织非洲地区负责人安托瓦内特·萨耶赫（Antoinette Sayeh)表示，近年来非洲经济发展势头良好，主要得益于基础设施和矿业的高投资、交通和通信领域的稳定投资以及农产品产量回弹，预计该地区将继续保持经济增长趋势。

 

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

拉尼.亚卡斯（Rani Jarkas）：绿色纳米技术在太阳能电池中的应用

绿色纳米技术是清洁技术的发展，“使用更环保的纳米产品代替现有产品，通过生产和使用纳米技术产品以减少对环境的破坏并降低对人类健康所造成的威胁。”许多科学家正在寻找方法来开发清洁、廉价和可再生能源，以较少对环境的破坏并尽可能地减少污染。

目前正进行的一个主要研究是如何把纳米技术应用到开发更高效的太阳能电池。太阳能电池的效率更高，而且是可再生能源。许多研究人员正在着手研究能减少能源浪费的高效太阳能发电。

Solar Panels [ranijarkas.wordpress.com]

斯坦福大学的研究人员发现了一种在有机太阳能电池中捕获光的方法。这个想法的原理很简单，光在太阳能电池中停留的时间越长，其所产生的电子将越多。研究人员发现，把比光的波长更薄的有机层夹在太阳能电池的反射镜和粗糙层之间，能使光在太阳能电池中停留更长时间，从而激发更多的电流。

密歇根理工大学的研究人员发明了一种独特的3D蜂窝结构石墨烯。这种新型且并不昂贵材料可替代太阳能电池的铂金材料，而且转换效率并不降低。这种3D蜂窝状石墨烯具有优良的导电性与高催化活性，因此它们能够用于储能及能量转换。配有3D石墨烯对电极的可将7.8%的太阳光线转化为电力。

美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的研究展示了使用薄膜铜铟镓硒太阳能电池模组。它比传统玻璃做的硅片电池模组更加轻薄，且完全无含毒镉的成分。

美国麻省理工学院的研究人员研制出一种在柔性石墨烯片上涂覆纳米线的新方法。这种方法可以生产出低成本、透明以及柔韧性佳的太阳能电池，能够在窗户、屋顶以及其他物体的表面使用。

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

拉尼.亚卡斯（Rani Jarkas）看中国的环保清洁技术

我在最近的一篇博客文章（https://ranijarkas.wordpress.com/2014/06/04/%e5%af%b9%e7%8e%af%e4%bf%9d%e6%b8%85%e6%b4%81%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b%e8%a7%81%e8%a7%a3-%e6%8b%89%e5%b0%bc-%e4%ba%9a%e5%8d%a1%e6%96%af%ef%bc%88rani-jarkas%ef%bc%89/）里解释过环保清洁技术的定义以及其重要性。读者可能也阅读过我的另一篇关于环保清洁技术的文章（http://www.briefingwire.com/pr/rani-jarkas-Cleantech-wisdom）。我很欣慰收到了许多读者的支持和正面反馈，因此我想在此继续和大家一起分享和探讨我对环保清洁技术的一些看法。

今天的主题是中国的环保清洁技术。

中国多年大规模的增长对环境和自然资源造成了巨大的伤害也为之付出了沉重的代价。中国政府现在决心要对清洁技术行业采取积极措施，计划通过落实并管理清洁技术，来应对全国的高污染问题，同时平衡其能源需求和经济增长。

早在2010年，中国全年能源消费总量达32.5亿吨标准煤，成为仅次于美国的世界第二大能源消费国。如今，中国在清洁技术的投资已超越美国和欧洲，成为清洁技术产业发展最活跃的国家。美国国家科学基金会科学和工程指标最近的一份报告指出，中国对清洁技术的商业投资已经从2007年的300亿美元上升到2012年的近1,600亿美元。

据跨国咨询公司安永会计事务所（Ernst & Young）发布的可再生能源吸引力指数季度报告，中国2010 年二季度在风能上的投资达100亿美元，占全球投资的一半。中国三季度在清洁新技术行业的投资达135亿美元，而欧洲仅为80 亿美元。中国还在安永发布的可再生能源国家排名榜上名列首位。2010年全球共有38家纯清洁能源公司完成首次公开招股（IPO），其中中国公司就占了20家，筹集了共47亿美元，占全球总清洁技术IPO募集资金的49％。中国经济的蓬勃发展和投资者的热情都会令中国清洁技术的IPO继续刷新纪录。上市公司中大部分都是经营太阳能、风能、能源储存和节能的公司，反映出这些领域是中国清洁技术发展的主力。

据新华网报道，国务院总理温家宝于2013年1月30日主持召开了国务院常务会议，提出加快形成能源消费强度和消费总量双控制的新机制。会议同意国家发展改革委提出的预期目标：到2015年，全国能源消费总量控制在40亿吨标准煤左右，用电量控制在6.15万亿千瓦时左右。

受到国家政策的大力支持，清洁技术将成为中国的下一次工业革命。随着中国能源消费的转型加速，全球各行业的企业、政府和纯清洁技术市场的领导者正在寻求更多的竞争优势。你准备好抓住这些机遇了吗？

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

Cleantech in China by Rani Jarkas

In my recent blog post (https://ranijarkas.wordpress.com/2014/05/21/cleantechnology-insights), I explained what cleantech is and why it matters to us. You might have seen my another cleantech themed article here: http://www.briefingwire.com/pr/rani-jarkas-Cleantech-wisdom. I am very happy to have received so much positive feedback and support, therefore, I would like to continue the topic and share some of my thoughts and insights that I have gleaned from my work and research in the cleantech industry.

This blog’s topic is Cleantech in China

After years of massive growth that took a heavy toll on the environment and natural resources, China now has an ambitious plan to tackle its energy needs by developing clean energy alternatives.

Back in 2010, China’s primary energy consumption rose to 3.25 billion tons of coal equivalent, making it the world’s second largest energy consumer after the United States. Today, China has a commanding lead in commercial cleantech investment past the US and Europe. Commercial cleantech investment had more than quadrupled from $30 billion in 2007 to nearly $160 billion in 2012, according to a recent report from the National Science Foundation on science and engineering indicators.

China is a market rife with opportunities for cleantech companies. According to Ernst & Young (EY)’s report, China grabbed the number one spot on its Renewable Energy Attractiveness Index and was the largest recipient of clean energy investment in 2010. China generated 20 of the 38 global pure-play cleantech IPOs completed in 2010. Raising US$4.7 billion, Chinese transactions accounted for 49% of total global cleantech IPO proceeds. Combined with strong investor interest in China’s booming economy, these factors have led to a record-breaking spate of Chinese cleantech IPOs that is likely to continue. Solar, wind, energy storage and energy efficiency companies made up the majority of offerings, reflecting the major areas of cleantech development in China.

In January 2013, China Cabinet approved an energy control target. The government aims to keep total energy consumption below 4 billion tons of standard coal equivalent by 2015, with electricity consumption below 6.15 trillion kilowatt-hours, according to Xinhua News Agency after a State Council meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.

Cleantech in China will continue to be the next industrial revolution. As the transformation accelerates, global corporations across industries, governments and pure-play cleantech market leaders are moving quickly to gain competitive advantage. Are you ready to seize transformational opportunities in China?

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas

拉尼.亚卡斯对人民币的见解

ranijarkas.wordpress.com-Launch ceremony of RMB sovereign bonds in HK

人民币是中华人民共和国的法定货币，其字面含义为“人民的货币”。 人民币简称为CNY（China Yuan），常用的缩写是RMB（Renminbi），离岸交易代码为CNH。不管人民币的代码是什么，有一件事是肯定的：人民币一定会存在，而且它正在改变整个世界开展业务的方式。

2005年，人民币汇率告别长达10年的紧盯美元的固定汇率体制，而进入了有管理的浮动汇率制度，并确定了人民币汇率的市场化取向。人民币放弃了与美元挂钩，引入参考一篮子货币。2011年3月，原国务院总理温家宝表示，中国将继续逐步增加汇率的灵活性。2011年8月，中华人民共和国财政部在香港举行人民币国债在港发行仪式，国务院副总理李克强出席仪式并启动发行。2013年9月，国务院总理李克强在出席夏季达沃斯论坛上提到关于金融改革的细节，誓言全面改革目前由国家主导的金融机构、放开利率管制，并最终让人民币实现完全可兑换。他表示，他领导的政府意在“积极稳妥地推进利率、汇率的市场化”，并“逐步推进人民币资本项下可兑换”。

拉尼.亚卡斯（Rani Jarkas）是一名世界知名的企业家和银行家，他在一次主题演讲中表示，“我相信中国将扩大人民币的使用范围，人民币在国与国之间的贸易来往中已越来越受青睐，越来越多的国家和地区已加入到争夺人民币离岸中心的行列之中。随着时间的推移，人民币将逐渐代替美元成为贸易结算货币。随着中国经济的持续增长，我坚信人民币将在未来五年之内成为极具竞争力的储备货币。”

Rani Jarkas, the Chairman of Cedrus Investments.

Rani Jarkas is a highly experienced financial services executive, with over 20 years of international banking experience. Currently, Mr. Jarkas is the Chairman of Cedrus Investments, a global boutique investment firm. Cedrus’ domain expertise is in life sciences, natural resources, energy, cleantech and nanotechnology. – Rani Jarkas